Mahayogi Shiva (Yogishvara), Possibly Influenced by Lakulisha
Mahayogi Shiva in Meditation
The panels in Cave 1 at Elephanta portray different aspects and manifestations of Shiva. In this panel, Shiva is depicted as a Mahayogi, a term that broadly refers to a supreme practitioner of yoga and meditation. As seen, the panel is damaged and shows signs of vandalism. Many of the surrounding figures are mutilated, making them difficult to identify. However, Shiva’s face and head remain largely intact, allowing us to interpret his expression and mood.
Seated in padmasana (lotus posture) pose on a stone lotus pedestal, Shiva appears to be in deep meditation.
Notice his headgear: his head is adorned with a jatamukuta (a crown formed of matted hair twisted into a cap), over which rests a diadem (a royal crown). His flowing locks cascade over his shoulders, suggesting the unrestrained growth associated with intense ascetic practice.
Note: Jatamukuta (from jata, “matted hair,” and mukuta, “crown”) refers to a headdress formed by twisting matted hair into a tall, cap-like structure.
Because of the damage, identifying the surrounding figures is not straightforward. However, an ASI plaque placed next to the panel provides helpful details. Flanking the Mahayogi Shiva are the other two deities of the Hindu trinity — Vishnu, with his vahana Garuda, and Brahma, with his vahana Hamsa (swan). Also present is Indra, the king of the devas (gods), riding his mount Airavata. Above them are celestial beings, such as yakshas and gandharvas.
According to the ASI, a similar panel appears in Ellora Cave 29, where Lakulisha is shown in meditation. The Mahayogi panel at Elephanta is generally identified as Shiva as Yogishvara; however, its strongly ascetic character has led some scholars to associate it with Lakulisha, the teacher (and possibly the founder) of the Pashupata sect of Shaivism, who is regarded as an incarnation of Shiva.
Related Pages
– Badami
– Cave Temples of Badami
– Badami Cave 1, Badami Cave 2, Badami Cave 3, Badami Cave 4
– Durga Temple at Aihole
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